Algeria adds English in primary schools

Algeria’s Ministry of National Education has recently approved a reform to introduce English as the primary foreign language in primary schools, starting in the 2023–24 academic year. The decision shifts emphasis from French, which has been the dominant second language since independence.

The new policy aims to reduce Algeria’s reliance on French, which remains widely used in business, administration and higher education. According to Orient XXI, the ministry informed teachers in September 2022 that English will replace French as the first foreign language taught from grade one. Until now, French has been the main foreign language from the earliest years, with English introduced only later.

Algeria’s long-standing use of French is linked to its colonial past and subsequent dependence on France for trade and investment. French remains Algeria’s second most spoken language after Arabic, and is the primary working language in sectors such as energy, banking and professional services. However, France’s political tensions with Algeria—including visa restrictions and trade disputes—have driven Algerian officials to consider alternatives that reduce dependence on Paris.

English’s rising global role in technology, science and international business offers a strategic counterbalance. It is the most widely used language in digital communication, research and global markets, giving Algerian professionals direct access to international opportunities. The shift also responds to demand from parents and students who see English as a more practical tool for future careers.

The reform affects over 5 million primary school pupils across Algeria’s 48 wilayas. Teachers must now prepare to teach English as a first language, requiring new training and materials. The ministry has announced plans to distribute updated textbooks and conduct training sessions for educators. According to Orient XXI, the ministry has not yet specified how much of the curriculum will be taught in English or how progression to secondary levels will be structured.

For entrepreneurs, the reform signals a gradual but significant change in the linguistic landscape that could shape hiring and market access. Business founders who operate in international markets or work with non-Francophone partners may benefit from a workforce proficient in English. This could improve Algeria’s appeal to foreign investors, particularly in tech, renewable energy and outsourcing sectors where English is standard.

However, the transition presents practical challenges. French remains deeply embedded in Algeria’s professional world. Many business contracts, legal documents and technical manuals are written in French. Entrepreneurs who rely on local networks or government partnerships may still need strong French skills, at least in the near term.

The diaspora may also feel the impact. Algerian professionals abroad—especially in English-speaking countries like the UK, Canada and Australia—could gain a stronger bridge to the domestic market. Remittances sent by the diaspora totaled $2.3 billion in 2021, according to the World Bank. If English proficiency rises among younger generations, these funds may increasingly flow into ventures that target international clients or use digital platforms.

Yet the reform’s success hinges on implementation. Teacher training and resource availability will determine how quickly English replaces French in daily use. Entrepreneurs should monitor announcements from the Ministry of National Education and plan language strategies accordingly.

Key takeaway for entrepreneurs: English will become the core foreign language taught in Algerian primary schools from 2023, potentially expanding access to global markets. Business founders with international ambitions may gain from this shift, but French will likely remain crucial for local operations in the medium term.